THE SICK BABY AND CHILD: DEHYDRATION
A child becomes dehydrated in one of two situations — either there is excessive loss of body fluids (usually due to diarrhoea and/or vomiting) or there is insufficient intake of fluids (for example, when the sick child is unable or unwilling to drink). If the illness is prolonged or severe, dehydration can become a problem, and the child may need medical assessment and treatment.
Cause
Gastroenteritis is by far the commonest cause of dehydration. Any illness which results in persistent diarrhoea, vomiting, or reduced fluid intake can result in dehydration.
Clinical features
Apart from the features of the illness itself, the young child will pass urine less frequently (few wet nappies), or the volume will be less; his eyes may look sunken and dark; his tongue and mouth will be coated and dry; he will look gaunt and pasty; and will often be tired and lethargic. The child will have lost weight because of the fluid lost from the body.
Treatment
Mild cases of dehydration are treated by increasing the amount of fluid given to the child, or giving him oral rehydration fluid. In more severe cases, the child may need fluids to be given intravenously. This usually necessitates admission to hospital.
When to see your doctor
• if vomiting and diarrhoea persist;
• if any of the clinical features described above are present;
• if you are worried.
Prevention
Mild dehydration is a common consequence of many childhood illnesses. Significant dehydration can often be prevented by seeking prompt medical treatment when illness causes excess fluid loss or diminished intake.
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May 21, 2009 - 7:08 AM